168 World History Trivia Questions & Answers

From ziggurats and pharaohs to world wars and independence movements, this world history trivia set spans continents and centuries.

Start with approachable questions, then work your way to head-scratchers.

Great for quizzes, classrooms, or curious minds who want a balanced, global challenge.

Ancient Civilizations & the Bronze Age

Q: Which river sustained ancient Egypt’s civilization?
A: The Nile.

Q: What writing system is associated with Sumer in Mesopotamia?
A: Cuneiform.

Q: The step-pyramid temples of Mesopotamia were called what?
A: Ziggurats.

Q: Which Babylonian king is linked to an early law code?
A: Hammurabi.

Q: What planned urban civilization flourished at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro?
A: The Indus Valley Civilization.

Q: Which seafaring traders spread an alphabet across the Mediterranean?
A: The Phoenicians.

Q: Knossos was the palace center of which Aegean civilization?
A: The Minoans.

Q: Which ancient Egyptian queen ruled as pharaoh with monumental building projects at Deir el-Bahri?
A: Hatshepsut.

Q: The Hittites are often associated with early large-scale use of what metal?
A: Iron.

Q: In China, which dynasty is known for oracle bones and bronze casting?
A: The Shang dynasty.

Q: Who founded the Akkadian Empire, often cited as the first multiethnic empire?
A: Sargon of Akkad.

Q: What monumental stone figures are tied to the Olmec civilization?
A: Colossal heads.

Q: Which pharaoh tried to center worship on Aten in a religious revolution?
A: Akhenaten.

Q: The “Cyrus Cylinder” is linked to which empire’s policy of tolerance?
A: The Achaemenid (Persian) Empire.

Q: What term describes the mysterious invaders blamed for late Bronze Age disruptions around 1200 BCE?
A: The Sea Peoples.

Q: Which ancient kingdom in Anatolia minted some of the earliest coins?
A: Lydia.

Q: What Rosetta Stone script helped decode Egyptian hieroglyphs?
A: Greek (alongside Demotic and hieroglyphic).

Q: Which early Andean culture built U-shaped ceremonial complexes like Sechin Alto and Chavín de Huántar?
A: The Chavín culture.

Q: Which early African city-state is famous for pyramids at Meroë?
A: Kush (Nubia).

Q: Which Neolithic site in Turkey predates cities yet shows early monumental building?
A: Göbekli Tepe.

Q: What was the primary purpose of Mesopotamian cylinder seals?
A: Identification and authentication on clay documents.

Classical Greece & Rome

Q: What city-state hosted the original Olympic Games?
A: Olympia (in Elis, Greece).

Q: Which war pitted Athens against Sparta in the 5th century BCE?
A: The Peloponnesian War.

Q: Who was tutor to Alexander the Great?
A: Aristotle.

Q: What 490 BCE battle saw the Athenians defeat Persia?
A: Marathon.

Q: Which league did Athens lead after the Persian Wars?
A: The Delian League.

Q: What was the Roman Republic’s codified early law called?
A: The Twelve Tables.

Q: Crossing which river in 49 BCE signaled Julius Caesar’s defiance?
A: The Rubicon.

Q: What title did Octavian adopt as Rome’s first emperor?
A: Augustus.

Q: The long peace and prosperity beginning with Augustus is called what?
A: The Pax Romana.

Q: Which Roman engineering material enabled massive domes like the Pantheon?
A: Roman concrete.

Q: Which Carthaginian general crossed the Alps with war elephants?
A: Hannibal Barca.

Q: What 313 CE decree legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?
A: The Edict of Milan.

Q: Who split the empire into a Tetrarchy to stabilize rule?
A: Diocletian.

Q: What Greek historian wrote about the Persian Wars in “Histories”?
A: Herodotus.

Q: Which Athenian statesman expanded democracy and led during the city’s Golden Age?
A: Pericles.

Q: Which Hellenistic city housed a famed library and lighthouse?
A: Alexandria (Egypt).

Q: What 31 BCE battle ended with Octavian’s victory over Antony and Cleopatra?
A: The Battle of Actium.

Q: Who compiled “Parallel Lives,” comparing Greek and Roman figures?
A: Plutarch.

Q: Which emperor codified Roman law influencing Byzantine compilations later?
A: Justinian (via the Corpus Juris Civilis).

Q: What slave revolt leader fought Rome in the 70s BCE?
A: Spartacus.

Q: Which philosopher founded the Academy and wrote “The Republic”?
A: Plato.

Asia’s Dynasties & Empires

Q: Which dynasty first unified China in 221 BCE?
A: The Qin dynasty.

Q: Which Chinese dynasty consolidated the Silk Roads and civil service exams?
A: The Han dynasty.

Q: Who founded India’s Maurya Empire after Alexander’s retreat?
A: Chandragupta Maurya.

Q: Which Mauryan ruler embraced Buddhism and spread edicts on pillars?
A: Ashoka.

Q: The Gupta period in India is often called a golden age of what?
A: Art, science, and literature.

Q: Which Chinese dynasty saw inventions like movable-type printing and improved gunpowder?
A: The Song dynasty.

Q: What empire did Kublai Khan found in China?
A: The Yuan dynasty.

Q: The Ming dynasty launched vast treasure voyages under which admiral?
A: Zheng He.

Q: Which final imperial dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912?
A: The Qing dynasty.

Q: What Japanese period featured samurai rule under the Tokugawa shogunate?
A: The Edo period.

Q: Which Japanese era (1868 onward) rapidly modernized industry and the military?
A: The Meiji era.

Q: Korea’s long-lasting dynasty from 1392 to 1897 was called what?
A: Joseon.

Q: Angkor, center of the Khmer Empire, engineered vast systems of what?
A: Reservoirs and canals (hydraulic infrastructure).

Q: Which Central Asian confederation pressured early Han China?
A: The Xiongnu.

Q: The great Nalanda complex in India was primarily what kind of institution?
A: A Buddhist monastic university.

Q: Which Vietnamese polity repelled Mongol invasions under General Trần Hưng Đạo?
A: Đại Việt.

Q: The Kamakura period in Japan is notable for repelling which invasions?
A: The Mongol invasions (1274 and 1281).

Q: In China, which reformer-emperor tried the Hundred Days’ Reform in 1898?
A: The Guangxu Emperor.

Q: Which Indian empire patronized the Taj Mahal’s construction?
A: The Mughal Empire.

Q: The “Ring of Five Kings” struggle refers to which early Indian epic context?
A: The Mahabharata’s Kurukshetra war (mythic/epic tradition).

Q: Which Chinese philosopher’s Analects shaped East Asian ethics and governance?
A: Confucius.

Medieval Worlds & the Islamic Golden Age

Q: What 6th-century emperor rebuilt Hagia Sophia in Constantinople?
A: Justinian I.

Q: Which 7th-century event marks the start of the Islamic calendar?
A: The Hijra (622 CE).

Q: What early caliphate rapidly expanded from Spain to Central Asia?
A: The Umayyad Caliphate.

Q: Which dynasty moved the capital to Baghdad, fostering a scholarly “House of Wisdom”?
A: The Abbasid Caliphate.

Q: The code of warrior conduct in medieval Japan is known as what?
A: Bushido.

Q: What 1215 charter limited the English king’s power?
A: Magna Carta.

Q: Which Scandinavian seafarers raided, traded, and settled from the 8th–11th centuries?
A: The Vikings.

Q: Mansa Musa ruled which wealthy West African empire?
A: Mali.

Q: What was the primary language of medieval scholarship in Western Europe?
A: Latin.

Q: Which 14th-century pandemic devastated Eurasia and North Africa?
A: The Black Death.

Q: Which church schism (1054) split Christianity into two major branches?
A: The East–West (Great) Schism.

Q: Who led Mongol conquests that created the largest contiguous land empire?
A: Genghis Khan.

Q: What network of routes linked Europe, Africa, and Asia exchanging goods and ideas?
A: The Silk Roads.

Q: Which city’s universities in Timbuktu became renowned for manuscripts and learning?
A: Timbuktu (notably Sankore).

Q: The Crusades were primarily expeditions to control which city?
A: Jerusalem.

Q: What 1381 uprising protested taxes and serfdom in England?
A: The Peasants’ Revolt.

Q: Which warrior-sultanate ruled Delhi before the Mughals?
A: The Delhi Sultanate.

Q: The Reconquista culminated in 1492 with the fall of which kingdom?
A: Granada.

Q: What is the Byzantine term for the icon-debating controversies of the 8th–9th centuries?
A: Iconoclasm.

Q: Who compiled “The Muqaddimah,” a pioneering work in historiography?
A: Ibn Khaldun.

Q: Which empire’s postal relay system and yam routes sped messages across Eurasia?
A: The Mongol Empire.

Renaissance, Reformation & the Scientific Turn

Q: Which Italian city is closely associated with early Renaissance patronage?
A: Florence.

Q: Who painted the “Mona Lisa”?
A: Leonardo da Vinci.

Q: Which architect-artist painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling?
A: Michelangelo.

Q: What invention by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized book production?
A: The movable-type printing press.

Q: In 1517, who published Ninety-Five Theses challenging indulgences?
A: Martin Luther.

Q: Which reformer’s ideas shaped Geneva and Reformed churches?
A: John Calvin.

Q: Henry VIII’s split from Rome created what church?
A: The Church of England (Anglican).

Q: Which council (1545–1563) led the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
A: The Council of Trent.

Q: Who proposed a heliocentric universe in “De revolutionibus”?
A: Nicolaus Copernicus.

Q: Which scientist’s observations with a telescope supported heliocentrism?
A: Galileo Galilei.

Q: Who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?
A: Isaac Newton.

Q: Which writer’s “The Prince” analyzed power and statecraft bluntly?
A: Niccolò Machiavelli.

Q: What 1572 event in France saw mass violence against Huguenots?
A: St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre.

Q: Which artist and architect designed the dome of Florence’s cathedral?
A: Filippo Brunelleschi.

Q: The Peace of Augsburg (1555) recognized what religious principle?
A: Cuius regio, eius religio.

Q: Who’s known as the “father of modern anatomy” for “De humani corporis fabrica”?
A: Andreas Vesalius.

Q: Which playwright dominated the English stage during Elizabeth I’s reign?
A: William Shakespeare.

Q: Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler advanced what field?
A: Astronomy.

Q: The Edict of Nantes (1598) granted limited toleration to whom?
A: French Huguenots (Protestants).

Q: Which humanist coined “studia humanitatis” and popularized classical learning?
A: Petrarch.

Q: Which explorer’s 1492 voyage, backed by Castile, reached the Caribbean?
A: Christopher Columbus.

Exploration, Exchange & Colonial Encounters

Q: Which 1494 treaty split new lands between Spain and Portugal?
A: The Treaty of Tordesillas.

Q: Who led the first circumnavigation (completed 1522)?
A: Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet (completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano).

Q: What term describes the transfer of crops, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic?
A: The Columbian Exchange.

Q: Which conqueror toppled the Aztec Empire?
A: Hernán Cortés.

Q: Which empire was defeated by Francisco Pizarro?
A: The Inca Empire.

Q: Which trading company, chartered in 1602, dominated the spice trade?
A: The Dutch East India Company (VOC).

Q: Which Chinese port was long a focus of European trade before the Opium Wars?
A: Canton (Guangzhou).

Q: Manila galleons connected which two regions annually?
A: Spanish America and Asia (Philippines–Mexico).

Q: Which West African forts became hubs in the transatlantic slave trade?
A: Elmina and other Gold Coast forts.

Q: What was Japan’s policy of limited foreign contact under the Tokugawa shogunate called?
A: Sakoku (closed country).

Q: Which navigator rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488?
A: Bartolomeu Dias.

Q: Who reached India by sea in 1498, opening a direct route?
A: Vasco da Gama.

Q: Which Portuguese admiral seized Malacca in 1511?
A: Afonso de Albuquerque.

Q: What was the primary cash crop driving Caribbean plantation economies?
A: Sugar.

Q: Which 18th-century conflict in North America was part of the Seven Years’ War?
A: The French and Indian War.

Q: Which Mughal ruler met with Jesuits and debated religion at Fatehpur Sikri?
A: Akbar.

Q: Which South American revolutionary is called “El Libertador”?
A: Simón Bolívar.

Q: What 1763 edict limited westward colonial expansion in British North America?
A: The Royal Proclamation of 1763.

Q: The “Middle Passage” refers to what?
A: The Atlantic voyage enslaved Africans endured.

Q: Which English privateer circumnavigated the globe (1577–1580)?
A: Sir Francis Drake.

Q: Which Jesuit missionary wrote influential accounts of Ming–Qing China?
A: Matteo Ricci.

Revolutions, Empires & the 19th Century

Q: In which year did the American Revolution begin at Lexington and Concord?
A: 1775.

Q: What 1789 event symbolizes the French Revolution’s outbreak?
A: The Storming of the Bastille.

Q: Who wrote “The Rights of Man,” defending revolutionary ideals?
A: Thomas Paine.

Q: Which revolution in the Caribbean created the first Black republic in 1804?
A: The Haitian Revolution.

Q: The Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) aimed mainly to do what?
A: Restore balance of power in Europe.

Q: What economic transformation began in Britain in the late 1700s?
A: The Industrial Revolution.

Q: Which 1830s movement sought political reform via the People’s Charter in Britain?
A: Chartism.

Q: What wave of uprisings swept Europe in 1848?
A: The Revolutions of 1848.

Q: Who led the unification of Italy as prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia?
A: Count Camillo di Cavour (with Garibaldi’s help).

Q: In 1871, which chancellor unified Germany under Prussian leadership?
A: Otto von Bismarck.

Q: Which 1861–1865 conflict ended legal slavery in the United States?
A: The American Civil War.

Q: The Meiji Restoration (1868) transformed which country’s economy and military?
A: Japan.

Q: Which canal opened in 1869, shortening the Europe–Asia sea route?
A: The Suez Canal.

Q: The 1857 uprising against the British in India is often called what?
A: The Indian Rebellion (or Sepoy Mutiny).

Q: Which wars forced unequal treaties on Qing China over opium trade?
A: The Opium Wars.

Q: What 1884–85 conference partitioned Africa among European powers?
A: The Berlin Conference.

Q: Which conflict (1894–1895) marked Japan’s rise over Qing China?
A: The First Sino-Japanese War.

Q: Which Russian emancipation reform in 1861 freed millions?
A: The Emancipation of the serfs.

Q: Who developed the germ theory of disease in the 1860s–1880s?
A: Louis Pasteur (and others like Koch).

Q: Which movement sought Jewish homeland settlement in the late 19th century?
A: Zionism.

Q: Which electric inventor’s AC system rivaled Edison’s DC?
A: Nikola Tesla (with Westinghouse).

The World Wars & Their Aftermath

Q: What 1914 assassination sparked World War I?
A: Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.

Q: Which alliance bloc opposed the Central Powers in WWI?
A: The Allies (Entente).

Q: What kind of warfare dominated the Western Front?
A: Trench warfare.

Q: What 1917 message pushed the U.S. toward war after German outreach to Mexico?
A: The Zimmermann Telegram.

Q: The 1917 Russian Revolution led to which new state by 1922?
A: The USSR (Soviet Union).

Q: What pandemic (1918–1919) killed millions worldwide after WWI?
A: The influenza pandemic (Spanish flu).

Q: Which 1919 treaty formally ended WWI with Germany?
A: The Treaty of Versailles.

Q: What global economic crisis began with the 1929 stock market crash?
A: The Great Depression.

Q: Which 1939 event is the usual start of WWII in Europe?
A: Germany’s invasion of Poland.

Q: Which alliance opposed the Axis Powers?
A: The Allies.

Q: What genocide murdered six million Jews during WWII?
A: The Holocaust.

Q: In August 1945, atomic bombs were dropped on which cities?
A: Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Q: What international organization was founded in 1945 to promote peace?
A: The United Nations.

Q: Which 1947 plan aided Western Europe’s postwar recovery?
A: The Marshall Plan.

Q: Which organization formed in 1949 as a collective defense alliance?
A: NATO.

Q: What 1950–1953 conflict left the peninsula divided near the 38th parallel?
A: The Korean War.

Q: What 1962 crisis brought the U.S. and USSR close to nuclear war?
A: The Cuban Missile Crisis.

Q: Which 1947 event ended British colonial rule in South Asia, creating two states?
A: Indian independence and Partition (India and Pakistan).

Q: The People’s Republic of China was proclaimed in which year?
A: 1949.

Q: Which wall’s fall in 1989 symbolized the Cold War’s end?
A: The Berlin Wall.

Q: In which year did the Soviet Union dissolve?
A: 1991.

Decolonization, Rights & Globalization

Q: Which 1955 meeting in Indonesia voiced nonaligned, postcolonial solidarity?
A: The Bandung Conference.

Q: Which 1957 treaty began deeper European integration?
A: The Treaty of Rome (EEC).

Q: What 1960 UN term described the wave of African independence that year?
A: The “Year of Africa.”

Q: Who led Ghana to independence and promoted Pan-Africanism?
A: Kwame Nkrumah.

Q: Which movement used nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation in the U.S.?
A: The Civil Rights Movement.

Q: Who delivered the “I Have a Dream” speech in 1963?
A: Martin Luther King Jr.

Q: Which apartheid policy ended with South Africa’s 1994 elections?
A: White-minority rule and legal apartheid.

Q: Who became South Africa’s first Black president in 1994?
A: Nelson Mandela.

Q: Which 1979 revolution overthrew the Shah in Iran?
A: The Iranian Revolution.

Q: What 1978 accords laid a framework for Egypt–Israel peace?
A: The Camp David Accords.

Q: Which Southeast Asian conflict ended with Saigon’s fall in 1975?
A: The Vietnam War.

Q: The Solidarity movement challenged communist rule in which country?
A: Poland.

Q: What 1993 agreement created a single market and renamed the European Community?
A: The Maastricht Treaty (European Union).

Q: Which 1994 genocide occurred in Rwanda?
A: The genocide against the Tutsi.

Q: What 2001 attacks reshaped global security policies?
A: The September 11 attacks.

Q: Which court, established in 2002, tries individuals for genocide and war crimes?
A: The International Criminal Court (ICC).

Q: Which currency launched in 1999 (cash in 2002) for many EU states?
A: The euro.

Q: What 2008 event triggered a worldwide recessionary shock?
A: The global financial crisis.

Q: Which movement in 2011 saw uprisings across the Arab world?
A: The Arab Spring.

Q: What 2015 agreement sought to limit global temperature rise?
A: The Paris Agreement on climate.

Q: Which pandemic declared in 2020 disrupted global life and economies?
A: COVID-19.

Culture, Ideas & Everyday Life Through the Ages

Q: Which ancient epic poem tells of the siege of Troy?
A: Homer’s “Iliad.”

Q: What is the Chinese ethical concept emphasizing filial piety and ritual?
A: Confucianism.

Q: Which Indian scripture is a dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna?
A: The Bhagavad Gita.

Q: What medieval European system tied landholding to service and protection?
A: Feudalism.

Q: Which West African oral historians preserved genealogies and epics?
A: Griots.

Q: The Mesoamerican ballgame was played by which cultures?
A: Olmec, Maya, and others.

Q: Which Andean record-keeping device used knotted cords?
A: Quipu.

Q: What Renaissance philosophy emphasized human potential and classical learning?
A: Humanism.

Q: Which Islamic architecture feature indicates the qibla wall?
A: The mihrab.

Q: Which Japanese performance tradition uses stylized masks and slow movement?
A: Noh theatre.

Q: The Gutenberg press most directly boosted what social phenomenon?
A: Mass literacy (and print culture).

Q: Which Enlightenment salonnière hosted philosophes in Paris?
A: Madame Geoffrin (among others).

Q: Which artistic movement responded to industrial modernity with emotion and nature?
A: Romanticism.

Q: The Harlem Renaissance celebrated Black arts in which decade?
A: The 1920s.

Q: Which Mexican artists made muralism politically expressive?
A: Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros.

Q: What ancient library, largely lost, symbolized classical learning’s fragility?
A: The Library of Alexandria.

Q: Which West African trading centers prospered along trans-Saharan routes?
A: Gao, Timbuktu, and Djenné.

Q: In medieval Europe, what guilds regulated crafts and training?
A: Craft and merchant guilds.

Q: Which 20th-century movement used civil disobedience for India’s freedom?
A: Gandhi’s satyagraha movement.

Q: Which 1948 document set global human rights standards?
A: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Q: Which university is often cited as the world’s oldest continuously operating?
A: Al-Qarawiyyin (859 CE), often cited; Bologna (1088) also claimed.

Technology, Trade & Economic Transformations

Q: Which ancient road connected China to the Mediterranean via caravan links?
A: The Silk Road.

Q: What classical shipping lane linked the Nile to the Red Sea in antiquity?
A: Canal of the Pharaohs (precursor to Suez).

Q: Which Islamic Golden Age scholar gave his name to algebra’s etymology?
A: Al-Khwarizmi.

Q: Which Chinese invention revolutionized navigation at sea?
A: The magnetic compass.

Q: What agricultural rotation boosted yields in medieval Europe?
A: The three-field system.

Q: Which 18th-century engine powered early factories and mines?
A: The steam engine (Watt’s improvements).

Q: What transport innovation in the 19th century shrank distances dramatically?
A: The railroad.

Q: Which telecommunication breakthrough sent messages over wires in the 1840s?
A: The electric telegraph.

Q: What 19th-century process made steel cheaper and stronger?
A: The Bessemer process.

Q: Which canal, opened 1914, linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
A: The Panama Canal.

Q: Which automotive innovation transformed mass production in the 1910s?
A: The moving assembly line.

Q: Which 20th-century technology revolutionized computing and electronics?
A: The transistor.

Q: What post-WWII system stabilized currencies (until 1971)?
A: Bretton Woods.

Q: Which trade pact (1994) linked Canada, the U.S., and Mexico?
A: NAFTA.

Q: What mid-20th-century shipping innovation sped global trade?
A: Containerization.

Q: Which East Asian economies were dubbed “Tigers” for rapid growth?
A: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore.

Q: Which initiative revived overland and maritime trade routes from China in the 2010s?
A: Belt and Road Initiative.

Q: What 1990s network boom reshaped commerce and communication?
A: The Internet.

Q: Which 1973 crisis highlighted oil’s geopolitical power?
A: The OPEC oil embargo.

Q: What economic pattern describes a country shifting from industry to services?
A: Deindustrialization (post-industrial transition).

Q: Which digital technology enables decentralized ledgers for transactions?
A: Blockchain.

Leaders, Thinkers & Turning Points

Q: Which Macedonian king created a vast empire to the Indus River?
A: Alexander the Great.

Q: Who unified the Mongol tribes and began Eurasian conquests?
A: Genghis Khan.

Q: Which Frankish ruler was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” in 800?
A: Charlemagne.

Q: What English queen defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588?
A: Elizabeth I.

Q: Who led the Reign of Terror’s Committee of Public Safety?
A: Maximilien Robespierre.

Q: Which French leader’s Napoleonic Code influenced legal systems worldwide?
A: Napoleon Bonaparte.

Q: Who is famed for nonviolent leadership in India’s independence?
A: Mahatma Gandhi.

Q: Which Chinese leader proclaimed the PRC in 1949?
A: Mao Zedong.

Q: Who delivered “We shall fight on the beaches” during WWII?
A: Winston Churchill.

Q: Which U.S. president announced the Marshall Plan in 1947?
A: Harry S. Truman (Secretary Marshall proposed it).

Q: Which Soviet leader began glasnost and perestroika?
A: Mikhail Gorbachev.

Q: Which Egyptian president signed peace with Israel in 1979?
A: Anwar Sadat.

Q: What 1972 visit signaled a thaw between the U.S. and China?
A: President Nixon’s visit to China.

Q: Which Polish pope influenced Eastern Europe’s resistance movements?
A: Pope John Paul II.

Q: Who led the Bolsheviks in 1917?
A: Vladimir Lenin.

Q: Which Turkish leader founded a secular republic after WWI?
A: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Q: Who wrote “Two Treatises of Government,” shaping liberal thought?
A: John Locke.

Q: Which German thinker wrote “The Communist Manifesto” (1848) with Engels?
A: Karl Marx.

Q: Who pioneered modern nursing during the Crimean War?
A: Florence Nightingale.

Q: Which 20th-century physicist developed the theory of relativity?
A: Albert Einstein.

Q: Which Burmese leader and Nobel laureate became a symbol of democracy?
A: Aung San Suu Kyi.